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In-text citations

In-text citations

  • The author-date style requires the surname of the author and the year of the publication be inserted in the body of the text.
  • Where paraphrasing someone else’s work, acknowledge this with the authors’ names, year of publication and page number if referring to a specific section. Eg. (Byron 2013, p. 102).
  • If the authors' names form part of your sentence, you do not need to include them in the parentheses. Eg. Khan and Porzio (2010) state that...

Example:

Khan and Porzio (2010) have noted that the theory net for which ServQual was originally developed was not strongly supported. These antecedents have been under-investigated in the online service quality context because their relevance has not been established (Singer 1990). 

 

Citing two or more references

If you are citing two or more references within the same parentheses, list the authors alphabetically and separate each with a semicolon.

Example:

Others suggest that rather than being considered a "mature" research area, a wealth of opportunities exist to develop new theory and applications (Jenkins 2011; Litmore 2006; Wright 2007).

Quotes

Include the page numbers if you directly quote another work. If the quote is under 40 words, place double quotation marks around the quote.

Example:

It has been said that the philosophical origins of marketing are largely founded on the "liberal neoclassical economic thinking that has dominated academic discussion" (Byron 2013, p. 102).  

Citing a source found within another source

Where possible, it is recommended to locate the original source of information which you want to cite. If you have exhausted all options for finding the original source, you can cite the secondary source in your reference list and follow the example below for the in-text citation. 

Example:

There are distinct differences between consumers who use photo sharing sites and consumers who use blogs to share their photos (McDonald, cited in Miller & Edwards, 2007). 

Reference list

The reference list is an alphabetical list at the end of the document giving the full details for each corresponding in-text reference. Some key rules to remember are:

  • The list is sorted alphabetically and then chronologically for an author with two or more works
  • Only give the authors first name initials
  • Capitalise only the first word of the title, and any proper nouns
  • The title of a book and a journal name are to be italicised

Example:

Dwyer, L, Pham, T, & Spurr, R 2014, 'Destination marketing of Australia: return on investment', Journal of Travel Research, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 281-295.
Romaniuk, J & Ehrenberg, A 2012, 'Do brands lack personality?', Marketing Theory, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 333-339.
Sharp, B 2013, Marketing: theory, evidence, practice, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic.

 

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in citations and reference lists:

Abbreviation Book or publication part
edn edition
et al. and others
n.d. no date
no. number
p., pp. page(s)
para., paras paragraph(s)
pt, pts part(s)
rev. revised
suppl.    supplement
vol., vols volume(s)

 

Refer to the AGPS Style Manual for a full list of accepted abbreviations. 

Harvard (Aus) referencing