More Examples
Audiovisual media
In-text
According to Weston and Trifilettie (1998) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Weston and Trifilettie 1998).
Reference List
Example:
Weston, P & Trifilettie, N 1998, Self marketing, video recording, Channel 1 Training Videos, Wantirna, Vic.
In-text
... as seen in Strictly Ballroom (1992) ...
OR
... in other productions (Strictly Ballroom 1992).
Reference List
Example:
Strictly Ballroom 1992, motion picture, Twentieth Century Fox, Moore Park NSW.
In-text
According to gsmokeyjoe (2007) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (gsmokeyjoe 2007).
Reference List
Example:
| gsmokeyjoe 2007, Stephen Fry on the joys of swearing, online video, viewed 17 January 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_osQvkeNRM&feature=youtu.be. |
In-text
According to How Kickstarter works (2014) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (How Kickstarter works 2014).
Reference List
Example:
How Kickstarter works 2014, podcast, Stuff You Should Know, 25 Novmeber, accessed 2 December 2014 <http://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/podcasts/how-kickstarter-works/>
Conference Papers
In-text
According to Stewart (2013) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Stewart 2013).
Reference List
Example:
Stewart, C 2013, 'Immersive assessment: can online assessment be made personal?', paper presented at THETA, Hobart, Tasmania, 7-10 April.
In-text
According to Abbott et al (2014) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Abbott et al 2014).
Reference List
Example:
Abbott, W, Donaghey, J, Hare, J & Hopkins, P 2014 'The perfect storm: the convergence of social, mobile and photo technologies in libraries', paper presented at VALA2014, Melbourne, Victoria, 5 February, viewed 14 November 2014, <http://www.vala.org.au/vala2014-proceedings/805-vala2014-session-7-abbott>.
In-text
According to Games (2011) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Games 2011).
Reference List
Papers presented at conferences are often collated and published as 'proceedings'.
Example:
Games, A & Kane, L 2011, 'Exploring adolescent's STEM learning through scaffolded game design', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games, Society for the Advancement of the Science of Digital Games, Bordeaux, France, pp.1-8.
Government publications
In-text
According to the Australian Institute of Criminology (2012) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Australian Institute of Criminology 2012).
Reference List
Example:
Australian Institute of Criminology 2012, Male and female assault offending in Australia, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.
In-text
According to Boxall et al (2012) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Boxall et al 2012).
Reference List
Example:
Boxall, H, Morgan, A & Terer, K 2005, Evaluation of the Family Group Conferencing pilot program, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.
Legal materials
In-text
The first time a case is referred to in-text it should be cited in full. Subsequent citations can use an abbreviated form or the name by which the case is commonly known. Place the common or abbreviated name in parentheses after the first citation.
Case name - italicised | (Year) | Volume | Law report series | Starting page | (Abbreviated or common name)
First citation: According to Trobridge v. Hardy (1955) 94 CLR 147 (Torbridge v. Hardy) ...
Subsequent citations: In Torbridge v. Hardy it was argued ...
Reference List
Legal authorities are usually included in a list of references only if they are important to an understanding of the work. They should be presented in a separate list of references titled 'Legal authorities'.
Example:
Trobridge v. Hardy (1955) 94 CLR 147.
In-text
The first time a case is referred to in-text it should be cited in full. Subsequent ciations can use an abbreviated form or the name by which the case is commonly known. Place the common or abbreviated name in parentheses after the first citation.Case name - italicised | [Year] | Court identifier | Judgment number | Full date | (Abbreviated or common name)
First citation: According to the Quarmby v. Keating [2009] TASSC 80 (9 September 2009) (Quarmby v. Keating) ...
Subsequent citations: In Quarmby v. Keating it was argued ...
Reference List
Legal authorities are usually included in a list of references only if they are important to an understanding of the work. They should be presented in a separate list of references titled 'Legal authorities'.
Example:
Quarmby v. Keating [2009] TASSC 80 (9 September 2009).
First citation: According to the Trustee Act 1928 ...
Subsequent citations: In the Trustee Act ...
In-text
Cite the short formal title of the Act and the year for the first in-text citation. Subsequent citations use the short formal title with the year omitted.First citation: According to the Trustee Act 1928 ...
Subsequent citations: In the Trustee Act ...
Reference List
Legislation is included in a list of references only if it is important to an understanding of the work and should be included in a separate reference list titled 'Legislation'.
Example:
Trustee Act 1928.
Scientific, Technical, Business Reports
In-text
According to McCarthy et al (2006) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (McCarthy et al 2006).
Reference List
Referenced as per a book, however additional information about the report (such as the report number) may be included after the title as follows:
Example:
McCarthy, K, Peterson, D, Sastry, N & Pollard, M 2006, The repopulation of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, Technical report TR-369, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California.
In-text
According to the World Health Organisation (2007) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (World Health Organisation 2007).
Reference List
Referenced as per a book, however additional information about the report (such as the report number) may be included after the title as follows:
Example:
World Health Organization 2007, The scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: report of a WHO study group, WHO technical report series, Technical report 945, World Health Organization, Geneva.
IBISWorld identifies the analyst who prepared the report.
In-Text:
According to Reeves (2019), the five years 2015 to ...
Reference List:
Reeves, M 2019, IBISWorld Industry Report C1131. Milk and cream processing in Australia, IBISWorld, viewed 25 July 2019.
MarketLine Case study:
MarketLine. (2013, June 30). Nike Inc.: Building a diverse business. Case study. Retrieved February 14, 2018 from MarketLine Advantage database.
Social Media
In-text
According to Stephens (2014) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Stephens 2014).
Reference List
Example:
Stephens, M 2014, See you at the New York Library Association!, blog post, viewed 1 December 2014, <http://tametheweb.com/2014/11/01/see-you-at-new-york-library-association/>.
In-text
According to Gillard (2011) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Gillard 2011).
Reference List
Example:
Gillard, J 2011, Facebook update, 11 November, viewed 24 November 2014, <https://www.facebook.com/juliagillard/posts/263639040354656>.
Theses or Dissertations
In-text
According to Loebnitz (2009) ...
OR
... as it had been identified (Loebnitz 2009).
Reference List
Example:
Loebnitz, N 2009, 'The impact of country-of-origin on liability-of-foreignness', PhD thesis, Bond University, Gold Coast, Qld.
Links
Links can help users navigate content. Write link text that is accurate and accessible. The following information is sourced from the Australian Government Style Manual.
Guidance
Legal material
There are different conventions for how to cite legal material. Follow one style consistently to help people read and use the information. Source: Australian Government Style Manual
Include separate reference lists for legal material in 3 situations
Certain government agencies and specialist legal publications will use a reference list.
Most government writers should only include a reference list if one of these applies:
- People need the list to understand the content.
- The content includes a reference list for non-legal sources.
- It is agency style to have a reference list.
Set up separate lists under the subheadings ‘Legislation’ and ‘Legal cases’. Arrange legislation and legal cases in alphabetical order under these headings.
Write the titles of Acts and legal cases in roman type, even though they’re italicised in the text. Blocks of italics are difficult to read.
Example
[Reference list headings separate legislation from cases]
Legislation
Long Service Leave (Commonwealth Employees) Regulation 2016
Maintenance Orders (Commonwealth Officers) Act 1966
Major Bank Levy Act 2017
Marine Insurance Act 1909
Legal cases
Dutton v Republic of South Africa [1999] FCA 2
HT v The Queen [2019] HCA 40
South Australia v Commonwealth (1942) 65 CLR 373 (First Uniform Tax Case)
Victorian Railways Commissioners v Brown (1906) 3 CLR 1132
Source: The Australian Government Style Manual, 2021
